I think the factors that have greatest effects on the climate of southern Europe are :
- Mountains
- Ocean and seas
Both of these region controls the rain and weather of the Area around them.
During the Muslim conquests and the reign of the Caliphates, the people that were conquered were treated in terrible manner in general. The Caliphs wanted their religion spread among all the people they ruled over, which led to forcing the people to accept the Islam against their will, the ones that opposed were usually murdered and enslaved, there was an Arabic assimilation going on, and multiple systematic genocides. The women that were not Muslim were taken as slaves in the harems as the holy book was suggesting exactly that. All the people that were not willing to accept the faith were tortured, harassed, enslaved, murdered, didn't had any rights, and were considered as beings on the same level as the pigs, filthy creatures that do not deserve to live. The biggest damage was done toward the Christian and Jewish communities.
The correct option is B
The Kingdom of Israel has its references in the Bible and it has known two periods: the first of them includes a "united kingdom" known as the Kingdom of Israel and involves Saul, David and Solomon (1030-930 BC); the second implies a kingdom resulting from the division of the previous kingdom and that only encompassed the northern part of that initial kingdom (930-720 BC). Since both are known by the name of the Kingdom of Israel and for the purpose of differentiating them, one of the two kingdoms resulting from the division (of that primal kingdom that belonged to Solomon) is called the northern kingdom (as opposed to the kingdom). from the south, which is also known as the Kingdom of Judah). After 210 years of existence, the Northern Kingdom was conquered and destroyed by the Assyrian Empire. The main cities of the Northern Kingdom were: Shechem, Tirzah and Samaria.
