I believe the Mayan Political Structure is closely compared to Greeks.
Defensive battle means protecting your own country by a starting a force battle to protect your land from an attack. This type of battle does not progress on the territory of the enemy. Offensive battle on the other hand id the opposite, the people of the country do not wait for the enemies to attack but they initiate the attack with a strategy.
Not so sure it is my thoughts but i think it was more african americans stood up for themselves because of how racial people were being towards them and that created riots and people standing up for what they beleive in. thanks for letting me answer