I don't know what you mean by "D" climate regions, but the cooler the climate, the more likely permafrost will be found. If the climate is warmer, permafrost won't be found because it will be thawed out.
Because of the shadow, it chills the place down, it's not facing the Sun, matter of fact its the farthest from the Sun, because the Earth is tilted and deserts tend to be on equator where the Earth gets the most sunlight.
Oceanic and continental plates are colliding.
Explanation:
On the image, we can see an oceanic plate on the left, and a continental plate on the right, moving toward each other and colliding. Because the two plates have different densities, thickness, and elevation, one of the subducts below the other, that being the oceanic plate. As the oceanic plate subducts below the continental plate, it gradually moves down in the mantle layer, getting melted, recycled, and maybe the same material be pushed toward the surface again.
On the plate boundary, convergent in this case, there is intense geological activity. Magma manages to rise through the cracks and gaps, and it forms volcanoes, creating a continental volcanic arc. Also, there are lot of earthquakes at such boundaries, as there is constant adjustment of the crust.
Such boundaries can be found between the:
- Pacific and North American plates
- Pacific and Eurasian plates
- Pacific and Australian plates
- Pacific and Philippine plates
- Nazca and South American plates
- Cocos and North American plate
Learn more about convergent plate boundaries brainly.com/question/12698571
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