Three cases happen when a light wave strikes an object. Light waves can either be: absorbed, reflected or refracted. The differences are as follows:
a. Absorption - light stops at the object causing it to appear dark or opaque.
b. Reflection - this could happen either in a smooth or rough surface. On a smooth surface, for example mirror or glass, light bounces off the surface at angle equal to the incoming light wave. On a rough surface e.g. earth, light bounces at many angles because the surface is uneven.
c. Refraction - light goes through the object and bends at an angle. Typical thing you see when diamond or water is struck by light.
Answer: Natural selection can act on traits determined by alternative alleles of a single gene ... hope this helps, this is one of many answers for this question!
Answer:
Enzymes are one kind of protein which functioning as catalyst that speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.Enzyme accelerate a reaction without altering its chemical equilibrium.
Explanation:
Energy which is required for start a biochemical reaction is called activation energy.Activation Energy helps to jump and start a thermodynamically favorable reactions.
Enzymes can many way to its activation energy.
1. The enzyme may hold the substrates in such a way as to distort the substrate bonds closer to their form in the transition state. This reduces the amount of energy needed to complete the transition.
2.Enzyme create a charge distributor which opposite of transition state his lowers the energy of the transition state and decreases the activation energy.
3.The enzyme may reduce the reaction entropy by bringing substrates together in the correct orientation to react.
4. The enzyme may provide a completely different chemical pathway for the reaction. It may form new bonds in the ES complex that would be difficult to form without the enzyme.
There are 6 elements that are the most important. The acronym, CHNOPS, is an easy way to remember these.
C - Carbon
H - Hydrogen
N - Nitrogen
O - Oxygen
P - Phosphorous
S - Sulfur
