All pathos, ethos, and logos refer to different techniques a speaker can use to convince the audience about something. In the case of pathos the speaker appeals to the feelings or emotions of the audience to prove a point, this means the speaker uses some situation experienced by the audience, an anecdote or a story to provoke certain emotions in the audience and prove what he is saying is valid and true. On the other hand, ethos refers to the use of ideas or believes about a person, community, institution or nation to convince the audience about something. In the case of Bush speech about the 9/11 attacks he is appealing to the Pathos, because he knows this incident evokes a lot of emotions in his audience as it was a very striking incident for all citizens of the U.S., but also he uses Ethos as he refers to the foundations of America and the American resolve which are both beliefs about the U.S. that made the audience believe despite the attacks and their feelings about these, the terrorist have just destroyed the buildings but not the foundation of the nation.
The right answer for the question that is being asked and shown above is that: "The main idea of the paragraph is this - <span>Volunteering is a good way to gain skills and work experience." It serves as the summary of the whole paragraph and catches the whole thought.</span>
