A) the controversy was caused by an overheard conversation (:
The author uses ethos (author credibility and trust in their credentials) by using the word "our" so often. This places the author in collaboration with the reader, showing that he believes that they are all one and working together to achieve a common purpose.
Answer:
Because you can be easily discouraged to not do your goal if you say that you can't do it so you have to motivate yourself.
Explanation:
Im pretty sure its the first one best of luck hope i helped :)
Some of the elements which can be considered to be gothic in "the pit and the pendulum" are darkness, internal struggle, horror and terror experienced by the main character, lack of freedom, torture, etc.
