Answer:
In bryophytes, the sporophyte is minute and dependent on the relatively prominent and nutritionally independent gametophyte for resources. The moss gametophyte looks like a miniature herb, with tiny leaf-like photosynthetic organs. The gametophyte generation begins as a dormant spore, which germinates under appropriate conditions to produce filamentous and branching protonemal tissues. These form multicellular bud-like structures, each of which develops into a leafy shoot. The mature gametophytes produce male and female sexual organs, the antheridia and archegonia, respectively. The gametophyte is often sexually distinct, and plants are either male or female.
Each antheridium has an outer layer that encloses and protects thousands of motile sperm, which swim through available external water layer to the egg. Fertilization at the base of the cylindrical archegonium produces a diploid zygote which develops into an unbranched sporophyte. The sporophyte consists of a thin stalk attached to the gametophyte, and a capsule that encloses the sporophytic meiotic cells.
In recent years, the mosses Physcomitrella patens and Funaria hygrometrica have emerged as attractive model systems for studying gene function in non-vascular plants because of the relative ease of molecular manipulation by homologous recombination. Mutants affecting gametophyte development have been isolated and their analysis should provide insights into the molecular basis of gametophyte development in mosses.
Explanation:
1. So that during the experiment, you don't have to waste your time in figuring out what to do.
2. So that the instructions are clear and if there are any misconceptions, you can clear them out BEFORE the experiment.
3. To avoid trouble or risky scenarios.
4. It allows replication, where other scientist perform your experiment to ensure your findings are correct.
5. To avoid error, such as adding too much of salt into water.
Answer:
Water and energy are the raw materials for bread making
Explanation
Gluten is formed from water and water also gives consistency to dough. Roughly 40% of dough is water. It also provides medium to dissolve sugar and enzymes in dough making for bread. It does gelatinisation of starch that helps in easy digestion of bread. Energy and heat are used to distribute water through the bread.
➜ The conditions necessary for autotrophic nutrition are sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
The byproducts of autotrophic nutrition are water and oxygen.
Cells won’t get the nutrients they need for survival
