India's desire for Independence, which was how the country expressed its nationalism, goes back to 1850s. One of the major aspects of the growth of Indian nationalism prior to WW2 was Gandhi's policy of non-cooperation with the British, which was a part of the "Quit India Movement", urging the British to withdraw from India.
I think he meant that even though the Constitution is a set of laws we have to follow, individuals have unalienable rights. Also, he could've been talking about moral ideas.
The Louisiana Purchase, which was purchased by the United States from France, greatly impacted the development of the US in that it gave the US a large area of land for extremely cheap.
The answer is B (Socialist).
It would not be Private Entrepreneurs and Capitalist since they support private control of production. Socialism on the other hand believes that production should be controlled by the workers themselves.