The answer is number 4) a literary critic's analysis, because it is not written by a student and it is a reliable source compared to a blog, website, or student paper.
The main idea of the paragraph is that women should be credited for much more during the prehistoric times that they are at the moment. We only get the picture of them being rather irrelevant at the time which is obviously not true, based on this excerpt. The paragraph is quite feminist, meaning that it is shedding light on actual history and the role of women in such a society which not much is spoken about in contemporary analyses.
They were the ones who invented gardening, as well as pottery and weaving. The reason why they did this was because they often stayed 'at home' taking care of children, so they had time to do other things as well, while men were out hunting and providing for the family in other ways. Thus we have solid proof that women were far more creative and responsible for various things than they are credited for now.
Did you mean to include a link to a story? :)
