Answer:
d. and e. I believe would be the correct answer
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Listed under are the 5 different type of cells found in the epidermis and their description:
1. Stem cells
These are what you call undifferentiated cells. These are cells found in the stratum basale, which is the deapest layer of the epidermis. These cells divide to create keratinocytes.
2. Keratinocytes
The make up the majority of the cells in the epidermis. They synthesize keratin which are proteins that make up your hair, skin, and nails. They can also be found in other organs inside your body.
3. Melanocytes
These cells can only be found in the stratum basale. They synthesize melanin with a brown to black pigment. These dark pigments serves as protection for the skin from harmful UV rays.
4.Merkel cells
Merkel cells are also known as <em>tactile cells</em>. They are the sensory receptor for touch. Merkel cells and the nerve fiber together are called the Merkel disc.
5. Dentritic cells
They are also known as <em>Langerhans cells</em>. They can be found in two layers of the epidermis: the stratum spinosm; and stratum granulosm. They are what you call macrophages that come from the bone marrow. They serve as immune cells that provide protection against toxins, microbes and other pathogens that try to penetrate the skin.
Hope you find some information above that will help you.
Since all cells in our body contain DNA, there are lots of places for mutations to occur; however, some mutations cannot be passed on to offspring and do not matter for evolution. Somatic mutations<span> occur in non-reproductive cells and won't be passed onto offspring. For example, the golden color on half of this Red Delicious apple was caused by a somatic mutation. Its seeds will not carry the mutation.
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A single germ line mutation can have a range of effects:
<span><span>No change occurs in phenotype.
Some mutations don't have any noticeable effect on the phenotype of an organism. This can happen in many situations: perhaps the mutation occurs in a stretch of DNA with no function, or perhaps the mutation occurs in a protein-coding region, but ends up not affecting the amino acid sequence of the protein.</span><span>Small change occurs in phenotype.
A single mutation caused this cat's ears to curl backwards slightly.</span><span>Big change occurs in phenotype.
Some really important phenotypic changes, like DDT resistance in insects are sometimes caused by single mutations. A single mutation can also have strong negative effects for the organism. Mutations that cause the death of an organism are called lethals — and it doesn't get more negative than that.</span></span>
