According to sources, the most probable answer to this query is electron transport chain is a step in cellular respiration that is responsible for producing the energy currency of the cell, ATP.
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Mutations are like genetic mutations. Say a bird species may usually have a orange beak but one bird was born with blue, that’s a mutation.
Adaptations are things you adapt to like plant species have adapted over the year to receive less and less water to live.
Natural selection is basically ‘killing off’ the weaker ones. Say a bird species has broad wings but mutations happened over time leading them to have small wings that do not allow flight, they may eventually all die off due to that. Extinction is if al those birds were to die off from that mutation.
Protein channels + no energy spent + following concentration gradient = passive transport via facilitated diffusion :)
