Assuming the underlined word is 'singing,' the correct answer is going to be A. participle.
A participle and a gerund look the same - they both end in -ing. However, participles are used as adjectives (as is the case here), whereas gerunds are used as nouns. Infinitives always have the same form, which is TO + verb.
The fall of communism had its roots in postwar weariness. Communism originated in France, Europe. The ideal of communism opposes human nature and thus it would always be bound to fail. The answer to this open-ended lies on the bad effects of communism.
Women who traveled overland trail to Oregon revealed through their diaries and testimonies the struggle they went and their integration to the male patriarchal setting of their time. They showed that they were able to learn the work of men at the same time accomplish their responsibilities as wives and mothers. But generally was not accepted and earned stereotype criticism among the males.
Generally it was a breakthrough on female division of labor among the male, a change in the gender roles.
They relied heavily on trade
The irresponsibility of the colonizing forces. And the British did better than the French or Dutch.
