The answer is the three branches of the government.
Yes, Brazil had a king who didn't want an outbreak, so he gave up his throne, made Brazil independent and fled back to Portugal.
Before jobs were all on fields or working for shipping yards, after there were jobs in mills and factories and high demand for them.
The post-World War II era saw an increase in civil rights activities in the African American community, with a focus on ensuring that Black citizens were able to vote. This ushered in the civil rights movement, resulting in the removal of Jim Crow laws.