Answer:
1. Vertical Integration was a process in which Andrew Carnegie bought out his suppliers such as, coal fields, , iron mines, ore freighters and railroad lines. ... How did it help businesses such as the Carnegie Company and tycoons like Andrew Carnegie? With Horizontal Integration, competing companies merge together.
2. Several factors led to the rise of U.S. industrialization in the late 1800's. New technologies like steam engines, railroads, and telegraphs made communication and transportation easier. The ability to source and transport materials across the country with ease turned many local businesses into national companies.
3. Historians argue over the fact whether railroads determined the pace of economic development in nineteenth-century America. ... They were liberating - increasing mobility and speed across the continent - as well as confining: they held the power of economic life and death over many communities, often abusing that power.
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