A war of attrition.
World War 1 is an example of this.
The Albany Plan of Union was meant to unite the thirteen colonies into a union with a federal government. It was the predecessor of the Articles of Confederation. It was meant to address the issues of taxing and protection of colonies. It wasn't well received since the colonists were still afraid of a central taxing institution and were on the verge of a war.
I'm not sure if you made a typo or not but in the current context I can only see negligible being relevant.
Alexander The Great's generals divided into 3 kingdoms ruled by his former commander
The correct answer is A. While the states are free to make their own laws they cannot make laws that violate the constitution. For example a state cant legalize murder.