Question

What are potential mechanisms that can lead to endocrine dysfunctions?

Answer 1

Answer:

Hypothalamus-pituitary dysfunction

Adrenal disorders

Endocrinopathies of the reproductive system

Endocrinopathies related to the parathyroid glands

Thyroid pathologies

Endocrine Pancreas Disorders

Explanation:

Hypothalamus-pituitary dysfunction

Diseases of the anterior pituitary: Pituitary hypofunction may be due to a disease of the pituitary itself or the hypothalamus. In any case there is a decreased secretion of pituitary hormones with subsequent effects on the function of the rest of the body. Thus the TSH deficit produces hyperthyroidism without goiter; the deficit of LH and FSH causes hypogonadism; ACTH deficiency results in hypoadrenalism and poor skin color; Prl deficiency causes postpartum breastfeeding failure and GH deficiency causes short stature (dwarfism), facial wrinkles and occasionally fasting blood glucose in children.

Vasopressin disorders: (SIADH) is characterized by objectifying an excess of ADH, hyponatremia and water intoxication, all in the absence of hypovolemia, hypotension, heart failure, hypothyroidism or corticosuprarenal insufficiency

Adrenal disorders

The adrenal glands are responsible for the synthesis of various hormones. In the cortical zone the following hormones are synthesized: the mineralcorticoids whose production is related to the glomerular zone, the glucocorticoids whose secretion is attributed to the fasciculate zone and that of androgens with the reticular zone. Although it is clear that in the glomerular zone only the synthesis of aldosterone occurs, because it lacks 17-a-hydroxylase that incapacitates it to secrete cortisol and androgens . Includes:

Adrenal pathology with hyperfunction: Mineralcorticoid hyperfunction, Glucocorticoid hyperfunction or Cushing syndrome, Androgenic hyperfunction, Adrenal medulla hyperfunction

Adrenal pathology with hypofunction: Chronic primary adrenal corticosteroid hypofunction or Addison's disease, Acute corticosuprarenal hypofunction, Secondary adrenal corticosteroid hypofunction, Selective hypocorticisms.

Endocrinopathies of the reproductive system

Ovarian hyperfunction: Ovarian hyperfunction refers to the excessive production of androgens or estrogens by the ovary, possibly due to a primary tumor of the ovary or a gonadotropodependent ovarian hypoplasia

Ovarian hypofunction: Ovarian hypofunction may be primary or secondary, as due to disorders in the ovary itself or as a result of extragonadal disorders. The most common disorders in primary hypofunction are sexual infantilism and short stature, accompanied by a series of manifestations such as low implantation ears, short neck, chest chest, shortening of the 4th and 5th metacarpal and metatarsal

Disorders of the male reproductive system: The testicles fulfill two functions: hormonal production and spermatogenesis. Male reproductive disorders are grouped into hypogonadism, infertility, varicocele and gynecomastia

Endocrinopathies related to the parathyroid glands

The regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism is very complex. The concentration of both remains constant in the blood although its administration varies considerably

Includes: Hyperparathyroidism, Hypoparathyroidism

Thyroid pathologies

Thyroid disorders include a series of syndromes that include the effects of a hypofunction of the gland or a hyperfunction of the gland. The different types of thyroiditis include a set of inflammatory disorders of diverse etiology that have in common the destruction of the thyroid follicle.

Includes: Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism

Endocrine Pancreas Disorders

It is widely known that the pancreas in addition to its digestive functions, is responsible for the secretion of the hormones insulin and glucagon whose functions are closely related to the regulation of the metabolism of lipids, proteins and mainly carbohydrates. In both cases it is a small protein.

Includes: Diabetes Mellitus