The ideas of philosophers who were active during the Enlightenment period were that (2) faith in human reason was something they were ready to acknowledge.
This period itself was devoting a lot of thought and time into the idea of human rationalism, human advancement, science, and technology (all of these in their limited form at their time, as we're talking a few centuries in the past).
The philosophers that are considered to be from this period were Benjamin Franklin, Descartes, Diderot, etc.
The Caribbean unrest was not limited to British colonies: massive strikes took place in the independent Cuba in 1930, 1933 and 1935, as well as a hunger march by sugar workers on French Martinique in February 1935.
He delitberately started wars with neighbouring European countries and rallied the German people using nationalism against them and won. This is how Prussia/Germany grew large in military power and land