b. The ratification of the Constitution
The Federalist Papers were essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. They were originally run in serial fashion in several newspapers, and then were published in a 2-volume set in 1788, under the title, <em>T</em><span><em>he Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, as Agreed upon by the Federal Convention, September 17, 1787.</em></span>
That would be a republic. America is a Constitutional Federal Republic
You'll most likely n<span>ote the title of the magazine, have a nice day</span>