Ancient Oceanic religion was based on polytheism and animism. People believed both the spiritual and natural worlds; and expressed their beliefs with ceremonies, which usually have community manifestation, who got together to drum, dance and mourn (when a funeral was necessary). Some traditions also believed that spirits inhabited objects, animals, places or natural phenomena ( animism).
D is the closest. It is the opposing argument. <span />
Perry's expedition led to an establishment of trade relations between Japan and the United States. This was just a part of the downfall of the Tokugawa Shogunate and led to the Meiji restoration when the country started opening up to the United States even more and it started modernizing itself to be more like the foreign countries.