Answer:
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The Columbian Exchange
Background Information
When Europeans reached the Americas in the fifteenth century, they began a circular exchange that had lasting effects. Many animals found in Europe did not exist in the Americas. The reverse was also true. Llamas were the only large domesticated animals used to carry goods in the Americas. A llama is small compared to a cow or horse, however, and can only carry about 200 pounds. Europeans gradually brought pigs, cattle, goats, and sheep, as well as horses, to the Americas, Native Americans were terrified of horses because they were so large. However, they soon learned how much work horses could do that humans had done before. Unfortunately, the Europeans also accidentally brought deadly human diseases to the Americas. With the Spanish came smallpox, malaria, measles, bubonic plague, typhoid, yellow fever, and cholera. Millions of Native Americans died from the resulting epidemics. The greatest economic benefit for the Americas and the rest of the world came from the foods exchanged between them. Corn, potatoes, manioc, peanuts, tomatoes, squash, pineapples. papaya, and avocados were crops from the Americas. Rice, wheat, barley. oats, rye. nips, onions. cabbage, lettuce, peaches, pears, and sugar were products of other continents. Today the exchange is so complete that corn or maize is the staple crop of some African peoples. Wheat from Europe is a major output of American farms and countries as far south as Argentina. Rice is mass-produced in Brazil. The exchange continues even today, although it is no longer called the Columbian Exchange. Some of the effects of this exchange have been harmful. Killer bees from Africa have severely impacted the bee industry in the Americas. Zebra mussels came from Europe and today cover the bodies of ships in the Americas. Modern technology has increased the speed of such exchanges and spread them across the planet.
In January 1 1863 is the first day
Before the civil war cities were mainly industry based. Manufacturing goods was really the only thing that was done in cities.
