Answer:
her struggle to exert her independence
'by hand' is a prepositional phrase which is functioning as an adverb phrase to explain HOW all books in Europe were once written.
Adverb phrases give additional details - like HOW something happens.
Words such as 'bleak', 'dying', 'wrought', 'ghost', and 'sorrow' create an ominous and spooky atmosphere in "The Raven". These words have negative connotations, meaning that the words sound dark and frightening to the reader. For instance, if you wanted to create a spooky atmosphere in the following sentence, you might replace the verb with another word that has a more negative connotation.
A chill passed through the room.
A chill crept across the room.
While both sentences mean essentially the same thing, the second sentence sounds scarier because the verb has a more negative connotation.
Hope this helps!
One piece swimsuit is the answer
