The historical context is a set of circumstances in which the fact that has history, whether place, time, relevant facts, etc. occurs. It also refers to those circumstances surrounding historical events and the thoughts of people at the time certain facts occur in a particular society, so that they influenced to occur in their individuals and in that geography. Taking into account the historical context of a past event is important, since it allows the future to issue a less limited judgment and, even if it does not possess total veracity, at least not deformed, minimize the facts or maximize its value over time.
Faith seems quite lonesome and sad, wishing for her loved husband to stay with her. And Goodman Brown seems very devoted to wherever he is going, and assures his wife she doesn't need to doubt him for he would be back soon. I hope this helps!