If you "run the clock backwards" using the Friedmann equations, you can avoid a singularity; you just need the pressure and energy to behave in the right way when the Universe was very hot and dense. The catch is that "the right way" in this case means that ρ+3p<0; in other words, either the energy density or the pressure (or both) have to be negative. No conventional forms of matter are known that satisfy this inequality, so unless something really strange was going on in the early Universe, there must have been an initial singularity. (Or, more plausibly, there was a time in the early Universe where the spacetime curvature was sufficiently large that the laws of GR as we know them did not apply.)
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The boundaries between the Indian and the Somali plate and the one between the Indian and the Eurasian plates, are different types of boundaries, thus the land forms differ from one another.
The boundary between the Indian and the Somali plate is a divergent plate boundary. The land forms that appear on and around the boundary are dominated by rift valleys and steep mountains and hills that have been cut/separated because of the divergence.
The boundary between the Indian and the Eurasian plates is a convergent boundary between two continental plates. In here, both plates push against each other, creating a lot of pressure on the land, so the land has been lifting up continuously for several million years, creating the Himalayan Mountain Range which dominates the landscape.
Trade winds have a significant effect upon the climate of Central America. Temperatures in Central America are highest just prior to the summer wet season, and are lowest during the winter dry season, when trade winds contribute to a cooler climate. The highest temperatures occur in April, due to higher levels of sunlight, lower cloud cover and a decrease in trade winds
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