Answer:
The Ottoman Empire
Explanation:
The Ottoman Empire took Constantinople in 1453 and with it, the most important trade route of the time to bring the coveted goods of the East (silk, spices, perfumes, etc ...). Because the Ottoman Turks were of Muslim religion, they decided to impose more and more complicated obstacles for Christian Europe.
Due to the importance of these goods for the monarchy, the nobility and the bourgeoisie, the kings of different Catholic kingdoms of Europe decided to organize expeditions led by experienced navigators to find a route to the East (Asia) and to obtain such precious goods, from one of these expeditions organized by Queen Elizabeth of Spain was that the Genoese navigator Cristobal Colón with the intention of arriving in India, discovered for the Europeans, the American continent.
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Answer:
Battle of Stalingrad (1942–1943)
Generally argued to be the most significant turning point of the war, the Battle of Stalingrad was one of the Wehrmacht's most ambitious operations, in which it committed – and eventually lost – more than 400,000 soldiers.
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The Roman Empire established control over much
of Europe. As Germanic tribes invaded Rome,
centralized control of the Empire faded. While
some tribes, like the Franks, assimilated into
Roman culture and became an established part of
the society, others, like the Anglo-Saxons, kept
their own native culture dominant. Certain west Germanic tribes recognized an intermediate status of half-free persons, who could enter into legal transactions and marry but had no political rights. ... Its main institutions of government were the king, his council, and the tribal assembly (mallus, witan, mot, ding, or thing). Clovis I was king of the Franks and ruler Franks to unite all of the Frankish
tribes under one ruler
