DescriptionParticipation in social science refers to different mechanisms for the public to express opinions – and ideally exert influence – regarding political, economic, management or other social decisions.
<span>Cartels could fix prices and sell at a loss to strangle out competition. Then raise prices afterward which would cover all previous losses.
They could generate income by horizontal integration which would be possibly controlling all retail sales of a certain product.
They could also generate income through vertical integration which meant owning a large portion of the industry (possibly mining) which provided the raw material, the means of production (factories, for example), the means of transporting the product to market (rail roads for example), and even owning the means of selling the product(s) (retailing). They could set the price and costs all along the way. They could also exploit their workers by being the 'only show in town' and therefore setting wages low and working hours high. If a vertically integrated company had to show their books to government auditors they could try to make a case to show a small advantage over competitors at each level of their operation which would come out overall as a major advantage which could put others out of business.
A couple of industries to look at would be the railroads and oil. People to research: Andrew Carnegie, J. D. Rockefeller and other industrialists/robber barons. A student may want to read the works of some of the 'muckrakers' of the era.</span><span>
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The Industrial Revolution had different effects according to what women we are talking about. However, despite how different they were, these effects contributed every woman being potentially able to see herself as a subject in a political dispute.
For white and middle-class women Industrial Revolution caused their work to become redundant. They no longer made any productive work. Their spinning wheel had become unnecessary, as other tools they used in their homework, and it arised an ideology that said real women should stay home and be good wives.
For white and poor women, who had to work in factories to survive, the industrial revolution meant a violent increase in their exploration. Women were the majority of workers in textile factories in the mid-nineteenth century because they were cheaper to keep.
For black slave women, this meant an even larger increase in their exploration. Industrials men who had slaves put them to work in their factories. In other words, slave women in the industrial revolution had their exploration doubled.
All these changes prompted women to act on their own, be it recognizing themselves as doubly explored, be it refusing to live an empty life. The women's movement fight to have a greater presence in politics was their way of fighting against these new conditions brought about or intensified by the Industrial Revolution.
