The Mayans developed a hierarchical government ruled by kings and priests. They lived in independent city-states consisting of rural communities and large urban ceremonial centers. There were no standing armies, but warfare played an important role in religion, power and prestige.
Although John Cabot (ca. 1450-1499) established an English claim to the North American continent as early as 1497-1498, more than half a century elapsed before Englishmen turned their attention to the new lands.
Between the time periods of 600-1450 Common Era, it was
referred to as the dark ages in Europe because the cities and regions in Europe
lack poetry, which was a dark experience. It was not really a dark globally,
but only in the part of Europe wherein poetry vanished, but right after the
dark ages, was the beginning of the modern age, which gave life to poetry and
to music once more.
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