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Answer:
Jihad refers to a holy war against enemies of Islam.
and:
Caliphs were Muslim rulers who succeeded Muhammad.
and:
Jihad refers to a Muslim’s internal struggle to lead a good life.
there ya go.
Answer:
To ensure a separation of powers, the U.S. Federal Government is made up of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. To ensure the government is effective and citizens' rights are protected, each branch has its own powers and responsibilities, including working with the other branches.
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The answer is A, bc u can clearly see the rest are effects of the spanish Colonies