Answer:
More efficient use of agricultural land can boost crop yields and meet growing global demand for food. Smallholders have a vital role to play, both because they produce much of the world's food and because they represent a large share of the world's poor and food insecure.
Explanation:
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It's called weathering and erosion.
I believe the answer is a.
Invasion of the Soviet Union... seeing how the U.S.S.R. is gone, and has been for years...