Answer:
Explanation:As previously stated, DNA is a macromolecule that's made up of individual subunits called nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three parts:
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A deoxyribose sugar.
A phosphate group.
A nitrogenous base.
DNA nucleotides can contain one of four nitrogenous bases. These bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C).
These nucleotides come together to form long chains known as DNA strands. Two complementary DNA strands bond to each other in what looks like a ladder before winding into the double helix form.
The two strands are held together through hydrogen bonds that form between the nitrogenous bases. Adenine (A) forms bonds with thymine (T) while cytosine (C) forms bonds with guanine (G); A only ever pairs with T, and C only ever pairs with G.
Complementary Definition (Biology)
In biology, specifically in terms of genetics and DNA, complementary means that the polynucleotide strand paired with the second polynucleotide strand has a nitrogenous base sequence that is the reverse complement, or the pair, of the other strand.
They make graphs and record their data in tables
1. A transgenic organism expressese DNA that has been derived from another species. These organisms have altered genomes and are generated in the laboratory for the purposes of research, for example, the "knock-out" mice are tansgenic mice with a particular gene of <u>interest disabled</u>.
2. Recombinant DNA is the DNA that has been altered to contain genes, or portions of genes, from different organisms. The DNA molecules are formed in the lab using recombination methods to bring together genetic material from multiple sources and therefore creating sequences that are not found in the genome.
3. Restriction enzymes are found naturally in bacteria and they cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. These enzymes are also called restriction endonucleases, they cleave DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites called <em>restriction sites</em>. They are found in bacteria and archaea and they serve to provide a defense mechanism against invading viruses.
4. Biotechnology is the use or alteration of organisms, cells, or biological molecules to produce food, drugs, or other goods. Living systems and organisms are used to make or develop products. Biotechnology enhances cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and product for the purposes of improving life and health.
5. Polymerase chain reaction is a technique that is used to quickly synthesize billions of copiies of a specific segment of DNA. It is a quick and a very efficient way to generate many copies of DNA. The process is applicable when there are small quantities of DNA to analyze. The events of PCR involves:
- separation of DNA strands,
- addition of primers,
- use of DNA polymerase to produce second strand of DNA.
6. In the process known as transformation, bacteria take up pieces of DNA from the surroundings. Bacterial transformation results from the uptake of naked DNA (DNA without associated cells or proteins). Transformation may also occur naturally in some species of bacteria.
Answer:
The majority of an atoms' mass comes from the protons and neutrons that make up its nucleus. Electrons are the least massive of an atom's constituent particles, with a mass of 9.11 x 10-31 kg and a size too small to be measured by current techniques.
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Answer:
No puedo escribir el artículo, pero aquí hay algunos consejos.
El darwinismo es una teoría de la evolución biológica desarrollada por el naturalista inglés Charles Darwin (1809-1882) y otros, que afirma que todas las especies de organismos surgen y se desarrollan a través de la selección natural de pequeñas variaciones heredadas que aumentan la capacidad del individuo para competir, sobrevivir, y reproducir.
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