Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.
B. The Himalayans separate India from the rest of Asia. One way to remember is that China and India fought a war in 1962, and they both have troops up guarding the McMahon Line to this day. India and China are in a superpower competition. China builds dams which impacts India's rivers, increasing the potential for hostilities. Adding to their tensions is the fact that China just made friends with Pakistan. It's very complicated and it involves every nation in Asia. If you remember that the Himalayans are an important barrier between these two countries, you're good to go.
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The story of the European settlers in the USA (if that's what you mean) mimics the biblical story of the Israelites reaching the promised land in that they both believed that if they just came to this place of "milk and honey" they would be able to flourish, and truly enjoy life. This was true for the most part.
Climate change is happening, it is caused in large part by human activity, and it will have many serious and potentially damaging effects in the decades ahead. Greenhouse gas emissions from cars, power plants and other man-made sources—rather than natural variations in climate—are the primary cause. These emissions include carbon dioxide — the main greenhouse gas — which has reached a concentration level in our atmosphere that the Earth hasn’t seen for more than 400,000 years. These greenhouse gases act like a blanket, trapping the sun’s warmth near the earth’s surface, and affecting the planet’s climate system.