In 1774 the First Philadelphia Congress was held, in which the settlers drafted a document protesting the intolerable laws and sent them to the English. However, the government did not give in, and on July 4, 1776, the Second Philadelphia Congress took place, in which the colonists broke with the English, proclaiming their independence, with George Washington as the leader of the troops. England once again did not give in and the War of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies began. With French support, the colonies won in 1781 and their independence was recognized in 1783.
In 1787, a constitutional charter was enacted, which made the country a Presidential Federative Republic, with George Washington as its first president; it ensured civil rights and freedom and divided power into executive, legislative and judiciary. However, this freedom was relative, as slavery continued, women did not have the same rights as men, and Indians continued to be driven from their lands.
Even with their independence, the colonies continued to diverge in politics and economics, leading to conflicts that led to the Civil War.
European exploration, exploration of regions of Earth for scientific, commercial, religious, military, and other purposes by Europeans, beginning about the 4th century BCE.
Most people were farmers, living on and farming small plots of land for a living.
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
England was losing money due to the colonies rising population and high demand for stuff like tea, in fact the India Tea Company went completely bankrupt. So in return England heavily taxed everything for the colonists, including official documents, playing cards, and small stuff like newspapers.
Answer: the Byzantines were able to maintain their main areas. There were no attacks by tribal or pastoral people on Anatolia or Egypt, and just a few in the Black Sea region. For the most part the Byzantine Empire was not an expansionist empire, and this gave it more stability.
The tax system and the bureaucracy were already in place, and the bureaucracy acted as a check on the nobility. It was good way for them to earn reputation by serving in the government. Under Justinian, a law code was created. It came directly from the emperor, establishing him as the ultimate authority on justice. This was an important check on the power of the nobility as well , helping to keep them from growing powerful enough to attempt to take over the central government. It gave the imperial office a lot of authority and prestige.
Outside of Constantinople we see evidence of a strong agricultural economy. Although there were many large urban areas, the vast majority of the empire was made up of agricultural villages. They were the primary tax source and they supplied grain and agricultural products to the urban populations. At the same time, the Byzantines were the best economy in the region. They were the major trading power in the Mediterranean. They produced goods like textiles (especially silk), jewelry, and other crafts, but they also acted as the middleman for trade between east and west.
A growing cultural identity and social unity. The elements of this unity included, first and foremost, a long-lasting Roman identity. Byzantines believed they were keeping in the glorious Roman tradition, and they always presented themselves this way. Constantinople was also an important item of Byzantine unity. It was seen as the greatest city in the Mediterranean world and had overcame dozens of attacks. It was also portrayed as a whole Christian city, even if this wasn't actually true. There were lots of different kinds of Christians, plus Jews and later Muslims.
