a. roman catholics
Roman catholicism is the most abundant religion in the area, although the region also has sizable populations of Catholics and Muslims and notable shares of Lutherans in some countries. However Catholicism remains the most predominant religion in the west of Eastern Europe. The most representative cases of this are Austria, and Poland. While, in the Czech Republic is the only country surveyed in which a majority of older people say they are religiously unaffiliated,still , there is a tendency back to religion in some areas among eldery and other social groups. Slovenia, Slovakia,etc also have considerable amounts of catholic devotes.
Tavern culture was critical to the growth of revolutionary sentiment in the colonies, because taverns were where American patriots were able to group together and discuss how to start mini-revolutions which would lead up to the American Revolutionary War. The taverns also helped people living in rural areas learn how to do certain things, because there was a contact between people and this helped farmers learn new agricultural techniques (for example).
John Brown was a radical abolitionist who believed in the violent overthrow of the slavery system. During the Bleeding Kansas conflicts, Brown and his sons led attacks on pro-slavery residents. Justifying his actions as the will of God, Brown soon became a hero in the eyes of Northern extremists and was quick to capitalize on his growing reputation. By early 1858, he had succeeded in enlisting a small “army” of insurrectionists whose mission was to foment rebellion among the slaves. In 1859, Brown and 21 of his followers attacked and occupied the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry. Their goal was to capture supplies and use them to arm a slave rebellion. Brown was captured during the raid and later hanged, but not before becoming an anti-slavery icon.
During the American Revolution, Patriot General George Washington
crosses the Delaware River with 5,400 troops, hoping to surprise a
Hessian force celebrating Christmas at their winter quarters in Trenton,
New Jersey. The unconventional attack came after several months of
substantial defeats for Washington’s army that had resulted in the loss
of New York City and other strategic points in the region.
At
about 11 p.m. on Christmas, Washington’s army commenced its crossing of
the half-frozen river at three locations. The 2,400 soldiers led by
Washington successfully braved the icy and freezing river and reached
the New Jersey side of the Delaware just before dawn. The other two
divisions, made up of some 3,000 men and crucial artillery, failed to
reach the meeting point at the appointed time.
At approximately 8
a.m. on the morning of December 26, Washington’s remaining force,
separated into two columns, reached the outskirts of Trenton and
descended on the unsuspecting Hessians. Trenton’s 1,400 Hessian
defenders were groggy from the previous evening’s festivities and
underestimated the Patriot threat after months of decisive British
victories throughout New York. Washington’s men quickly overwhelmed the
Germans’ defenses, and by 9:30 a.m. the town was surrounded. Although
several hundred Hessians escaped, nearly 1,000 were captured at the cost
of only four American lives. However, because most of Washington’s army
had failed to cross the Delaware, he was without adequate artillery or
men and was forced to withdraw from the town.
The victory was not
particularly significant from a strategic point of view, but news of
Washington’s initiative raised the spirits of the American colonists,
who previously feared that the Continental Army was incapable of
victory.
Maasai. Age: over 3,000 years old. ...
Berbers. Age: over 10,000 years old. ...
Sandawe. Age: over 87,000 years old. ...
African Pygmies. Age: over 100,000. ...
Hadza. Age: over 100,000 years old. ...
Nama. Age: 100,000 – 140,000. ...
San (Bushmen)