The answer would be d.), an increase in the amount of runoff.
Answer:
Antibiotic resistance can evolved in bacterial population in the following ways:
Explanation:
- In response to constant exposure to antibiotics some members of a bacterial population develop some beneficial mutations in some essential genes that gives them survival advantage in terms of food and space over the sensitive bacterial strains and hence they are capable of out-competing the sensitive bacteria.
- This happens due to the process of Natural Selection.
- These genes are called antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria usually carry them on plasmids in form of cassettes where genes resistant to multiple drugs are incorporated. These plasmids are called the MDR or Multi-Drug Resistance Plasmids.
- These resistant plasmids can be easily transferred among bacterial populations by conjugation, transformation or transduction or direct plasmid transfer.
- The resistant genes encode for proteins that render the drug ineffective by promoting their efflux from the cells, preventing their entry into the cell, chemically modifying them such that they become non-functional or altering the target site of the drug.
The process results in four daughter cells that are haploid, which means they contain half the number of chromosomes of the diploid parent cell. Meiosis has both similarities to and differences from mitosis, which is a cell division process in which a parent cell produces two identical daughter cells.
The answer is all of the above
Answer: The answers seem correct.
1. Active transport - the process in which energy is used to move the particles of a substance against a concentration gradient from a region where they are in lower concentration to a region whey are in higher concentration.
2. The answer chosen for #2 makes sense because energy is usually needed when you putting effort into doing an activity that includes some type of force. That means ions are using energy to be moved against the concentration gradient.
3. Volume makes sense for the last question since the cells are using a space (volume) to move material in and out by diffusion. The other options besides volume are unreasonable.
