Generally speaking, it would be that "D. European states had their borders clearly defined" that was an important outcome of the Congress of Vienna, since this increased stability in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.
Answer:
Germany was required to accept responsibility for causing all the damage of the war .The Treaty of Versailles had significant negative economic impacts on Germany. Germany was required to pay the Allies $33 billion in reparations for the war damages caused by World War I. These payments made it very difficult for Germany to take actions that would help Germany's economy grow.
As a result of Germany's inability to pay these reparations, French and Belgian troops invaded the Ruhr Valley in order to seize raw materials and industrial centers which would serve as partial payment. They took control of mines and factories and requisitioned a large number of goods from this industrial region.
Apartheid was the old social system where racial discrimination is prevalent. This is the system that give a separate treatment for white people and black people including those who are belong to other races.
