The answer is probably when. What are the options
A. The sentence works fine. one could argue B, but a colon is used to separate a run-on or show two complete thoughts in the same sentence, so arguably B would not work either.
The phrase "remembering the days when he would have gone outside" is describing the man. Participial phrases always have a participial, in this case remembering and have gone, and these phrases act like adjectives to describe the subject on the sentence. The answer is participial phrase.
The answer is the B. Latino culture