First, the electron
transport chain transfer the electrons from electron donors to electron
acceptors using both reduction and oxidation reactions.
Next, the energy
released in these reactions is captured as an electrochemical proton gradient
that triggers the synthesis of ATP synthase and produce adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) from ADP and phosphate group in the process called chemiosmosis.
Lastly, ATP stores
energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds and together, the
electron transport chain and chemiosmosis makes up the oxidative
phosphorylation which is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
<span> </span>
As humans sometimes experience, a cold environment can result in<span> </span>shivering<span>. This is when skeletal muscles begin to shake in small movements, creating warmth by expending energy. Humans can also sweat in high temperatures. The water on the surface of the skin is able to absorb a lot of heat during evaporation, resulting in cooling of the body.</span>
<h2>
PNS and SNS</h2>
Explanation:
Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
-
In the event that the blood pressure is increased because of any explanation, it is detected by the baroreceptor system
- The baroreceptor reflex invigorates is the part of the parasympathetic nervous system
- The PSNS causes reflation of veins, decreasing total peripheral resistance. It also decrease the heart rate
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
-
Heart rate and blood volume are regulated by the interrelated activities of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
- The SNS is improperly dynamic in obesity and <em>hypertension</em> and plays a causal or permissive role in all types of chronic hypertension
The heterozygous birds phenotype would therefore be black and white because both parent genes are dominant so they would be fully expressed,none would overpower the other(no dominant or recessive) this is known as Codominance and and example of this is with the blood types.
