Ok so in basic terms, ad hominem is attacking your opponent and not there position. An example would be:
You cannot believe my opponent; his hair is untidy and his visage is beyond unprofessional.
By saying that the opponent is "untidy and unprofessional", you are attacking his character. Rather than arguing against his position, the attack of the opponent's character is Ad hominem.
I hope this helps :-)
Answer:
thank youuuu I hope yours was better
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is
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in that paragraph, the expression Mounting evidence could be a bit confusing, but it indicates that there's been reaserch about it before, and that it all points in the same direction, the more research proving the same point means the data is convincing. The answer is D.