The last one. During the crusades, different foods and such were found, different goods were unlocked to europe, and different mathematic and scientific ideas were brought back as well.
A. Taping phone conversations
The American Revolution was principally caused by colonial opposition to British attempts to impose greater control over the colonies and to make them repay the crown for its defense of them during the French and Indian War (1754–63). ... Learn about the Boston Tea Party, the colonists' radical response to a tax on tea.
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It was a oil-exporting nation and it lost too much of an important resource, thus crippling the economy.