Answer:
A. The belief that social roles are determined by birth.
Explanation:
The two religious beliefs of Hinduism and Buddhism are two of the most prominent and important religions originating from India. These two religions also have similarities in their belief systems but also some differences.
While the two are similar in their belief in nonviolence, karma, dharma, and reincarnation, their difference lies in the belief of caste or social roles. Hindus believe in the caste system, where a person's social status is determined by birth. This means that a person who is poor will remain poor and his/ her children will also be poor. This belief in the determination of social roles from one's birth is not supported by Buddhism, rather, they believe that one's social roles have nothing to do with one's birth. For Buddhists, one's evil deeds are judged based on the severity of the sin, not based on one's status.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
The company towns reinforced it by having special wages for people of different ethnicity or by racially profiling and segregating those that they didn't want to be equal with Caucasian workers. This caused an even bigger drift between people and distrust to arise.
As the Portuguese were establishing trading posts along the west coast of Africa, Spain watched with increasing envy. The Spanish monarchs also desired a direct sea route to Asia. In 1492, an Italian sea captain, Christopher Columbus, convinced Spain to finance a bold plan: finding a route to Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean. In October of that year, Columbus reached an island in the Caribbean. He was mistaken in his thought that he had reached the East Indies. But his voyage would open the way for European colonization of the Americas-a process that would forever change the world. The immediate impact of Columbus's voyage, however, was to increase tensions between Spain and Portugal. The Portuguese believed that Columbus had indeed reached Asia. Portugal suspected that Columbus had claimed for Spain lands that Portuguese sailors might have reached first. The rivalry between Spain and Portugal grew more tense. In 1493, Pope Alexander VI stepped in to keep peace between the two nations. He suggested an imaginary dividing line, drawn north to south, through the Atlantic Ocean. All lands to the west of the line, known as the Line of Demarcation, would be Spain's. These lands included most of the Americas. All lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. Portugal complained that the line gave too much to Spain. So it was moved farther west to include parts of modern-day Brazil for the Portuguese. In 1494, Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, in which they agreed to honor the line. The era of exploration and colonization was about to begin in earnest.
