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Explanation:
IWhat Started the Industrial Revolution and How It Changed Society Vanessa Civil Union County College Abstract This paper explores three published articles that show how the Industrial Revolution started and shaped society. The Industrial Revolution began in Britain during the 18th century and later moved to other countries such as Germany, France, and the United States. This is the time period when agricultural societies became more industrialized. Industrial Revolution drastically changed society, before the industrial revolution people were mostly in small rural communities and everything was handmade, life was difficult before the industrial revolution. People had to produce their own food, clothing, furniture, and tools.
When the industrial revolution took place machines and factories replaced merchants. Also, transportation, communication and banking became more advanced due to the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution changed the difference between the rich and the poor drastically. The Industrial Revolution made the gap larger because the workers of the factory were barely making enough to support their families and the owner of the factories were getting all the profits and living in big mansions. Birth place of industrialization Industrial Revolution evolved in Britain, mass production factories were taking place. A man named Samuel Mills decide to steal the technology by memorizing the plan for the mills then he hoped on a ship and Brought the Industrial Revolution to United States, soon after it spread to Belgium, France, and Germany.
Factories was not just making clothing and textile, they were making furniture and everyday items. Also, by the early 19th century Americans were leaving their farm and moving to the urban area’s where they would work in factories. United States went from being agrarian society to being Industrialized urban society. Before the industrial revolution Britain was dependent on India for cotton now they can take raw cotton and make the thread themselves and England became the center for that. Innovation What people was doing before Industrial revolution) During the industrial revolution the economy was increasing rapidly. A lot of things got invited during the industrial revolution. The transportation industry had a significant transformation during the Industrial Revolution because the steam engine, steamboat, and team ships were invented before this horse-drawn wagon was the main transportation.
Communication became easier during the industrial revolution also, during this time the electrical telegraph was invented that allowed people to send messages from a long distance. Quality of life during Industrialization Quality of life improved and everything was easier to make however the Industrial revolution was beneficial to all because it brought variety of factory-produced goods and raised the standard of living for many people especially the middle and upper classes. The Industrial Revolution also had a dark side, for it brought poverty as well as progress. This was Mr. Hyde’s malevolent face. Technical change threw many people out of work. Twelve-hour Allen, R. C. (2017). The Industrial Revolution: A Very Short Introduction Work days were normal in the new factories, and the remuneration was meagre. Workers’ housing in the expanding cities was often squalid and lacked effective sanitation and safe drinking water. The cities were polluted. The provision of writer’s education was limited. Some romantics rejected the new industrial order, and many writers explored its contradictions in the social problem novel’.
Working condition The rich were getting richer and the poor was working in unsanitary conditions for little pay. American who in the upper don’t seem to care. In Mattson, K. (2006). Remember The Jungle! it states that one hundred years ago, a book was published that changed history. It was called The Jungle. And its message was simple: America’s meat industry was corrupt, exploiting its workers and churning out food that shouldn’t be eaten. Upton Sinclair described men falling into vats and then being turned into food. He documented rats scurrying onto piles of diseased meat. Rats, bread and meat would go into the hoppers together, winding up on dining tables. This was muckraking at its best, ripping aside the veil for Americans to see what might otherwise be ignored.
Americans were more concerned about the meat than the immigrant’s workers. Teddy Roosevelt was outraged by seeing meat were being processed Sinclair was summoned to the White House by Teddy Roosevelt, and on June 30, 1906, the Meat Inspection Act passed, the most pronounced extension of federal power ever enacted,
<h3>One of the most pressing challenges African states faced at Independence was their lack of infrastructure. European imperialists prided themselves on bringing civilization and developing Africa, but they left their former colonies with little in the way of infrastructure. The empires had built roads and railroads - or rather, they had forced their colonial subjects to build them - but these were not intended to build national infrastructures. Imperial roads and railways were almost always intended to facilitate the export of raw materials. Many, like the Ugandan Railroad, ran straight to the coastline.
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</h3><h3>These new countries also lacked the manufacturing infrastructure to add value to their raw materials. Rich as many African countries were in cash crops and minerals, they could not process these goods themselves. Their economies were dependent on trade, and this made them vulnerable. They were also locked into cycles of dependencies on their former European masters. They had gained political, not economic dependencies, and as Kwame Nkrumah - the first prime minister and president of Ghana - knew, political independence without economic independence was meaningless. </h3><h3>
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</h3><h2>Energy Dependence</h2><h3>The lack of infrastructure also meant that African countries were dependent on Western economies for much of their energy. Even oil-rich countries did not have the refineries needed to turn their crude oil into gasoline or heating oil. Some leaders, like Kwame Nkrumah, tried to rectify this by taking on massive building projects, like the Volta River hydroelectric dam project. The dam did provide much-needed electricity, but its construction put Ghana heavily into debt. The construction also required the relocation of tens of thousands of Ghanaians and contributed to Nkrumah's plummeting support in Ghana. In 1966, Nkrumah was overthrown. </h3><h3>
</h3><h2>Inexperienced Leadership</h2><h3>At Independence, there were several presidents, like Jomo Kenyatta, had several decades of political experience, but others, like Tanzania's Julius Nyerere, had entered the political fray just years before independence. There was also a distinct lack of trained and experienced civil leadership. The lower echelons of the colonial government had long been staffed by African subjects, but the higher ranks had been reserved for white officials. The transition to national officers at independence meant there were individuals at all levels of the bureaucracy with little prior training. In some cases, this led to innovation, but the many challenges that African states faced at independence were often compounded by the lack of experienced leadership.
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</h3><h2>Lack of National Identity</h2><h3>The borders Africa's new countries were left with were the ones drawn in Europe during the Scramble for Africa with no regard to the ethnic or social landscape on the ground. The subjects of these colonies often had many identities that trumped their sense of being, for instance, Ghanaian or Congolese. Colonial policies that privileged one group over another or allocated land and political rights by "tribe" exacerbated these divisions. The most famous case of this was the Belgian policies that crystallized the divisions between Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda that led to the tragic genocide in 1994.
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</h3><h3>Immediately after decolonization, the new African states agreed to a policy of inviolable borders, meaning they would not try to redraw Africa's political map as that would lead to chaos. The leaders of these countries were, thus, left with the challenge of trying to forge a sense of national identity at a time when those seeking a stake in the new country were often playing to individuals' regional or ethnic loyalties. </h3><h3>
</h3><h2>Cold War</h2><h3>Finally, decolonization coincided with the Cold War, which presented another challenge for African states. The push and pull between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) made non-alignment a difficult, if not impossible, option, and those leaders who tried to carve third way generally found they had to take sides. </h3><h3>
</h3><h3>Cold War politics also presented an opportunity for factions that sought to challenge the new governments. In Angola, the international support that the government and rebel factions received in the Cold War led to a civil war that lasted nearly thirty years.
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</h3><h3>These combined challenges made it difficult to establish strong economies or political stability in Africa and contributed to the upheaval that many (but not all!) states faced between the late '60s and late '90s. </h3>
The Industrial Revolution and the Agricultural Revolution (the latter caused the former)
I believe the answer is:
A.
They began to display merchandise in departments.
B.
Customers were allowed to browse through the merchandise.
D.
Customers paid higher prices to be able to shop in the fancy store.
The price that put on the department store is a fixed price, so there is no room for the buyers to bargain with the clerk.This first department store was called Le Bon Marché which created in 1852 and the use of credit card for department store only accepted in 1900s
Hi. The answer you are looking for is weathered.
Hope this helps.
Take care,
Diana
