Answer:
Constitutive activation is the alteration of a protein or signaling pathway such that it is functional or engaged even in the absence of an upstream activating event. For example, RasD is constitutively active because it cannot bind GAP and therefore remains in the GTP-bound, active state even when cells are not stimulated by growth factor to activate a receptor tyrosine kinase.
Constitutively active Ras is cancer promoting because cells will proliferate in the absence of growth factors, and thus normal regulatory mechanisms for cell proliferation are bypassed.
(a) A mutation that resulted in Smad3 binding Smad4, entering the nucleus, and activating transcription independent of phosphorylation by the TGFβ receptor would render Smad3 constitutively active.
(b) A mutation that made MAPK active as a kinase and able to enter the nucleus without being phosphorylated by MEK would render MAPK constitutively active.
(c) A mutation that prevented NF-KB from binding to IK-B or that allowed NF-KB to enter the nucleus and regulate transcription even when bound to IK-B would render NF-KB constitutively active.
Answer:
ok friends I will show you how to do the following statement on the way to get the refund of my life notes and 9 is not working as an email is not working properly and I am not sure if you KNOW I am not that I will show you how to do the following statement on the way to get the refund of my life notes and 9 is not working properly and I AM A GOOD MORNING MAM I am sriish sriishna I have subscribed these are my Jaya and I am NOT THE PLACE OF INDIA SO YOUR ANSWER IS GOING TO BE REMOVED BY STEP BY
The mature cells that live in cartilage and maintain the matrix around them are chondrocytes. 5. Fibrocartilage is a type of cartilage with a net of collagen fibers to help resist compression and tension.
Phenotype is referred to as the expressed trait that is caused by a certain combination of alleles.
<h3>What is phenotype?</h3>
Phenotype is referred to as the expressed trait that is caused by a certain combination of alleles. We will recall that the HbS allele is responsioble for the anemia that results from sickle shaped red blood cells.
This phenotype is both harmfull and benefical in the sense that it leads to the agglutination of the red blood cells in individuals that have this phenotype and eventual crisis. Also, it is beneficaila in that nthose who possess this phenotype do not suffer from malaria in the tropics.
Learn more about HbS allele: brainly.com/question/12347919
