<h2>Answer</h2>
<h3>This paper traces the history of human-environment interactions in the Pacific Islands during the last millennium, focusing on three main periods: the Little Climatic Optimum, the Little Ice Age, and, in greatest detail, the transition around A.D. 1300 between the two. The Little Climatic Optimum (approximately A.D. 750–1300) was marked by warm, rising temperatures, rising sea level and probably increasing aridity. The latter condition was linked to development of water-conservatory strategies (agricultural terracing being the most common) requiring cooperation between human groups which facilitated formation of large nucleated settlements and increased sociopolitical complexity. The transition period (approximately A.D. 1270–1475) involved rapid temperature and sea-level fall, perhaps a short-lived precipitation increase. Temperature fall stressed crops and reef organisms, sea-level fall lowered water tables and exposed reef surfaces reducing their potential as food resources for coastal dwellers. Increased precipitation washed away exposed infrastructure. Consequently food resource bases on many islands diminished abruptly across the transition. The Little Ice Age (approximately A.D. 1300–1800) was marked by cooler temperatures and lower sea levels. The lingering effects of the earlier transition largely determined human lifestyles during this period. Conflict resulted from resource depletion. Unprotected coastal settlements were abandoned in favour of fortified inland, often upland, settlements. Climate change is suggested to have been a important determinant of human cultural change during the last millennium in the Pacific Islands.</h3>
<h2>Journal Information</h2>
<h3>Environment and History is an interdisciplinary journal which aims to bring scholars in the humanities and biological sciences closer together, with the deliberate intention of constructing long and well-founded perspectives on present day environmental problems.</h3>
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<h2>Rights & Usage</h2>
<h3>This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. </h3><h3>For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions </h3><h3>Environment and History © 2001 White Horse Press </h3><h3>Request Permissions</h3>
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Answer:
c. are renewable
Explanation:
There are many energy sources that the humans have learned to use and exploit. Some resources are non-renewable, while some a re renewable. The non-renewable tend to be cheaper for the time being, and they also tend to produce more energy, but the problem is that the reserves will eventually run out. On the other side, the renewable resources are constantly out there, and they can not be spent, which gives them the advantage on the long run.
The alternative energy sources have been more and more in the focus, especially when it comes to the more developed nations. The main reasons for this are that the fossil fuels will eventually run out, and that they are more environment friendly. This has led to development of technology that is able to harvest energy from the sun, water, and wind, all which are natural resources that are constantly present and can not be spent. Some nations have invested so much in these resources that they have gradually started to replace the fossil fuels, with the end goal being stopping the usage of the fossil fuels totally.
Answer:
True, majority of the earth energy source comes from the <u>internal motion</u> but rest comes from outside.
Explanation:
- Earth gets its energy from the interior of the planet like the core which forms the most essential driving force of the planet it not just only regulate the flow of geomaterial from the bottom to the top but also acts as a geothermal source for various energy process.
- As we know this is called the Endogenetic force of the planet caused due to the earth rotation without which earth would have been dead long ago. The external forces of Denudation which break down the landscape from above are of Exogenic in nature.
- The sun's rays that are 100% at the surface of the earth but, come down o only 50% at the ground level as most of it gets deflected by the natural Albedo of the earth with is 35%. This partial absorption, deflection, and then reflection
- Thus this process is a temporary phase as all this gets reradiated back in a long wave from at night.
- Thus internal thermodynamics has a huge role to play in the formation of earth energy processes.
Answer:
The upwelling of seawater refers to the rising up of the deeper and cold water towards the surface of the sea. This cold water is comprised of the valuable and essential nutrients and as they move upward, it provides these nutrients to the marine organisms.
El Nino is usually defined as the large-scale changes in the climate that occurs due to the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere. It leads to the episodic rise in the temperature of the sea surface, which typically occurs in the central and the eastern part of the central Equatorial Pacific.
The occurrence of El Nino leads to the reduction of the upwelling of deep-sea cold water. During the time of this harsh climate, the fishes die or they sometimes migrate into some other places where they can obtain their food. Due to this, the fisherman cannot go fishing.
Thus, the occurrence of El Nino directly affects a fisherman's life.
Answer:
Panama
Explanation:
"Panama is a country on the Isthmus of Panama, the landbridge between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, that links North and South America. It is bordered by Colombia and Costa Rica."
