<span>Europeans began to think differently about the world beyond their own. The age of exploration and discovery began.</span>
A potential cost for a government leader using a cost-benefit analysis is that the leader will fail to consider all the variables that will contribute to the outcome of whatever he or she is planning, since it is often hard to anticipate all possible scenarios in such an analysis.
This would be describing a "<span>b. social contract". This idea came to prominence during the Enlightenment, when people started to finally question the "divine right" of kings. </span>
I think that Athena is worried that Arachne will want revenge; and since spiders are basically Arachne's kids, Athena probably worries that Arachne and her kids will gang up on her. That's honestly the best I could come up with, hope it helps