Answer:
The roots of Independence
The extensive Spanish colonies in North, Central and South America (which included half of South America, present-day Mexico, Florida, islands in the Caribbean and the southwestern United States) declared independence from Spanish rule in the early nineteenth century and by the turn of the twentieth century, the hundreds of years of the Spanish colonial era had come to a close. How did this happen? The Enlightenment ideals of democracy—equality under the law, separation of church and state, individual liberty—encouraged colonial independence movements in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The Enlightenment began in eighteenth-century Europe as a philosophical movement that took science, reason, and inquiry as its guiding principles in order to challenge traditions and reform society. The results of these changes in thought are reflected in both the American and French revolutions—where a monarchical form of government (where the King ruled by divine right) was replaced with a Republic empowered by the people. In Spain, the occupation by Napoleon during the Peninsular War (1808-1814) also inspired liberators to fight against foreign invaders. The examples of rebellion in the British Colonies, France, and Spain empowered Latin American revolutionaries who speculated on whether independence was a realistic and viable alternative to colonial rule. The term “Latin America” originated in the nineteenth century, when Argentinean jurist Carlos Calvo and French engineer Michel Chevalier, in reference to the Napoleonic invasion of Mexico in 1862, used the term “Latin,” referring to those whose national language—like Spanish—was derived from Latin, to denote difference from the “Anglo-Saxon” English-speaking people of North America. It was largely the creoles (pure-blooded Spaniards who were born in the Americas) who instigated the fight for liberation. Creoles remained connected to Europe through their ancestry and since they were often educated abroad, these ideas of self-determination held great appeal for them. Peninsulares (people born in Spain, but who resided in the Spanish colonies) on the other hand were more directly tied to Spain in ancestry and allegiance. In 1793, the Colombian creole Antonio Nariño, who would later serve as military general in Colombia’s struggle for independence, printed a translation of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, demonstrating the bilingual and bicultural aspect of Latin American independence. Translations of speeches made by the founding fathers of the United States, including Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, also circulated in Latin America. Not all creoles however, believed in independence and democracy—in fact, there existed an opposition of creole royalists who supported the Spanish Crown and allied themselves with the Peninsulares. Creole patriots (as opposed to the royalists) were attracted to the idea of independence and thought of themselves as Latin Americans, not as Spaniards. Despite having been born and raised in a Spanish viceroyalty to Spanish parents, they were culturally connected to Latin America. Situated at the interface of both identities, creole patriots considered themselves descendants of, but different from, the Spanish.
Explanation:
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PLZ MARK AS BRAINLEST!!!</u></h2>
How about you say thanks for the question I answered, huh? Fine here it is:
During the Renaissance the cities of Italy were (especially in the north) were the largest in Europe, their culture the most urban. The other major states of Europe (such as Spain, France and England) were still much more agricultural in nature and their cities were much smaller. The one exception perhaps is the single city of Constantinople (Istanbul) which by the 15th century was on its last leg and was conquered by the Turks in 1453. Furthermore, in comparison to the Islamic cities such as Grenada, Baghdad and Alexandria even the largest European cities of Italy were much smaller than the those of the Islamic Empire(s). <span>
However, the renaissance is a very important period in European history because it is the point at which the Europeans and western civilization began to set themselves itself on a new trajectory that would find them progressing both culturally and technologically at a much faster pace than any other people on the globe.
Why did this movement start in Italy? Although it is still debatable, many historians believe Italy was well positioned for this type of development. Additionally as cultural heirs to the Roman empire they were surrounded with ancient Roman and Greek culture, which in many ways was superior to the cultures that had followed afterwards starting with the Dark Ages. Therefore this re-discovery of ancient cultural and of ancient text (mostly preserved in Arabic and re-translated into Latin or Greek) gave the Italians an advantage by gaining the wisdom of these great and ancient peoples who had united almost all of Europe. But the drive to learn and teach about the ancients and to discuss and develop their culture started in the cities, those centers for trade and scholasticism which were no doubt the prime drivers behind the Renaissance.
Hope that helps.</span><span>
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Answer: B) region B
Buddhism and Hinduism are two Asian religions that are among the most popular ones in the world. Both religions originated in the Indian subcontinent, and both also spread to different regions. However, the way in which they spread was different. In this map, China is identified as region B. Buddhism was able to spread to China, and it became extremely popular, although with some modifications. However, Hinduism did not spread into this region in the way it was able to spread everywhere else.
Answer:
Upset, is the feeling being portrayed in the story. "Pinching at my face", would be body language to describe that feeling and to show the reader how upset the author is.
