1. B. a monarch
A republic is a form of government that doesn't have monarch as its head. In the republics, the supreme power lies within the people. The people are the ones that have the power to vote and choose who to represent them, thus who to be in charge of the country for a particular time. If the people are satisfied with the politicians they have elected, they will elect them again, if they are not happy with them, they will elect other politicians to replace them, thus punishing them for their bad ruling.
2. B. They passed laws and decides on tax rates
The consuls in the Roman Republic had a very important role in the Roman politics. They were the ones that were in charge of the senate, thus they were the ones that were making the decisions in Rome. It is easy to see how big of a rile they in the fact that they were the ones that were passing the laws, as well as determining the taxation. Even the military was under their control, so the actions of the military were their responsibility, and if they needed it, they had it at disposal at any time.
3. B. Separate branches of government make, enforce, and interpret laws
The United States government has lot of similarities with the manner in which ancient Rome was functioning. It can even be said that the government of the United States is just a modernized version of the Roman one. This can be seen in the manner in which the making, enforcing, and interpretation of laws is performed. It is not single body of the government that does this, but instead there's several that are included in the process, all with their own specific task, and with the purpose being to not permit a single body to have absolute power, thus protecting the interest of the the people.
4. 1. In both, the United States and ancient Rome, lot of people were stripped of the right to vote. This can be put to a common reason for both, as the people that were stripped of voting were the slaves. The United States needed lot of slaves as work force, and in its interest at that time was that they keep the slaves in the dark. They didn't needed a population that was going to be educated and in touch with all the things, as that ind of population was not going to do the work of the field, thus they were not given basic rights. The Romans were well aware of how much the slaves hated them, and even if given the rights they deserved, they were going to turn against them eventually, so they were trying to keep them as tight as possible.
2. These rules started to change over time though, as the slaves were becoming more and more integral part of the societies, and also they started to ask for their rights, which led to gradual improvement in their rights, including the voting ones. The slaves saw that the societies are heavily dependent on them economically, so once they saw an opportunity when the economy was not in great shape, they started to revolt and ask for their rights, thus playing well tactically at the right time, and eventually wining the status of equal citizens as everyone else.
3. If this hadn't happened though, the United States nowadays would have been a much different place fro living. The white population would have been in charge of everything. The migration would have been regulated in a manner in which only people from certain race or ethnicity can come in. Millions of people would have had no basic human rights and would have been treated like animals, working for the white population to accumulate wealth. There would have been no mixing of cultures, yet alone of genes.