The question is incomplete. The complete question is:
Question: Innate immunity:
a) is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to a pathogen.
b) is the first and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens
c) is found only in vertebrates
d) depends on an infected animal's previous exposure to a pathogen
Answer:
b) is the first and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens
Explanation:
Innate immunity is the nonspecific immune response that provides immediate and the most general protection against all types of pathogens, parasites, toxins and cancer cells. Innate immune responses serve to prevent the pathogens from entering the body. The components of innate immunity also rapidly destroy those pathogens that have entered the body.
Some of the components of innate immunity are the first line of defense such as the physical and chemical barriers of the skin and mucous membranes. The components of the second line of defense such as natural killer cells, phagocytes and inflammatory response are also involved in innate immune responses.
For example, cuticle or skin serves as a physical barrier to pathogens that come in contact with an animal’s body. Phagocytosis kills the bacteria that invade the body.
Answer: You could invest in artificial sunlight.
Explanation:
The migrated species prevail in the conditions in that area.
The answer would be natural selection.
The female deer might consider the large antlers of the male deer to show of certain genetic qualities that have a higher probability of reproduction, as well as a higher social status among deers.
This means that if she picks him as her mate during this season, their offspring will have a better chance of survival compared to her picking another deer with smaller antlers.
This is called natural selection because she will pick the deer that is most adapted to that environment. Thus their offspring can be ensured to have the highest possible probability to survive.
<h3><u>Answer;</u></h3>
U Boat
<h3><u>Explanation</u>;</h3>
- U-boat is an anglicised version of the German word U-Boot. It is the shortening of underseaboat. It describes the submergible watercraft that they developed and used extensively for world war i.
- German began to employ U-boats to break a stalemate at sea. U-boats were traveling under water ships.
- They were used to sink British supply ships with no warning. Due to the British blockade, with it's fleet bottled up, Germany had to use U-Boats to get at the British lifeline across the Atlantic.
