Extraneous means that something is irrelevant or something that has nothing to do with a particular subject. I hope this helps! :)
        
             
        
        
        
Answer: A) America deserves the freedoms it has.
Explanation: 
Douglas MacArthur was a USA general who commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific. He was also served as chief too during the World War II. This is one of his most popular quote. 
"No man is entitled to the blessings of freedom unless he be vigilant in its preservation."
This is an excerpt where we can see what would he mostly say about America. It is an allusion which means that the freedom should be deserved and that America deserves the freedom that it already has. 
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Answer:
b. local conflicts are more likely escalate when the parties come from different civilizations
Explanation:
 
        
             
        
        
        
someone can best determine if the speaker is telling the truth a bout his people by asking the young men of the tribe their opinion.