The Urban league was formed September 29, 1910. It was formed to open barriers to black employment. National Urban League is the largest and oldest community based civil right organization in the US. Its stated mission is to enable African Americans secure economic self reliance, parity, power, and civil rights.
It revolutionized the maritime industry by allowing faster travel that could now be controlled without being reliant on wind currents. Along with it being faster, you could now transport goods on larger ships through smaller bodies of water like rivers.
Muslims
The Ottoman Empire attacked Constantinople and its main religion was Islam, so they were Muslim.
Because they wanted to get the cheeese and Shrek
In "The Petition of William Cobbett" in volume 33 of his political register, the author clearly refers to King James as "The Oppressor", who has raised money on arbitrary means and is not administering in a way it benefits the citizens of the kingdom. It is mentioned that King James raised the money in order to fund affairs regarding "army, navy and civil listing".