The first four Caliphs were Abu Bakr<span>, </span>Umar<span>, </span>Uthman<span>, and Ali
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Economic causes of wars were most important. Divisions over religious principles and authority underlay most wars, hope this helped <3
I believe that the best answer for this question is Baron de Montesquieu. He was a French philosopher who lived in the Age of Enlightenment. He popularized the idea of dividing the government into three separate powers, which is also known as the "trias politica" or the "tripartite system." The three systems that he supported where the legislature, executive, and judiciary systems. Hope this helps.
Road and canals were built to help them