Paralinguistics refer to how we communicate without using words but facial expressions,body posture and even a change in a tone of our voice in order to sometimes make an emphasy to what we are saying or add some additional meaning.
Nodding our head or any words that doesn't use the actual langauge are always important such as what Kelly said it assures someone as they continue with a conversation that you are paying attention.
The answer to the blank would be B. Carthage becuase this was their greatest city and it was positioned in a easy place to trade with other countries. I hope this helps!